Chemicals are necessary for life on our planet. Humans have created chemicals for cleanliness, food preservation, illness treatment and crop production enhancement. While many chemicals are useful to humans and other species, some are detrimental. Chemical development and use offer both benefits and risks to people as well as environment. When it meets the need of the society it is beneficial but when it puts people in dangerous situations it poses threat.

Food Preservative Chemicals

Salt is a simple chemical which is used as preservative which keeps the food safe for use for longer period of time but high intake of the same salt causes high blood pressure in human which is responsible for 7.6 million deaths per annum worldwide.

Some people may even develop an immunological reaction to preservatives in food. Food intolerance refers to the inability to digest a food or food additive. Hence, companies must identify all ingredients on the label to reduce the possibility of such issues.

Artificial or chemical preservatives like sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) which are used to keep foods from becoming contaminated, can cause health problems. These preservatives are synthetic and manufactured artificially. Cardiovascular disorders have become increasingly widespread, and preservatives in food are one of the leading reasons of rising heart disease. Preservatives' propensity to turn into cancer agents is one of the most dangerous effects they have on food. Some foods include nitrosamines, a preservative including nitrites and nitrates that react with gastric acids to generate cancer-causing compounds. To avoid consuming this preservative one has to avoid snacks or meals high in nitrites and nitrates.

Agriculture Chemicals for Crop Yields

Fertilizers and insecticides are two types of chemicals used to boost crop production.

Fertilizers are substances that help plants grow and flourish. However, fertiliser runoff into streams and ponds can lead to an excessive growth of algae, which is harmful to ecosystems.

Pesticides are chemicals that are used to kill insects and various pests. Pesticides are being utilised in excess of 10 billion kg per year around the world. Pesticides have the advantage of increasing crop productivity. Some pesticides, such as DDT, can, nevertheless, harm organisms that they were not designed to kill.

A recent study from 2001 found that chemical pesticides had cardiovascular and endocrine impacts. This research began in 1976, when there was evidence that a dioxin was produced during the manufacturing of 2,4,5 T, a herbicide. This substance has the potential to harm hepatic function, immunological function, cognitive impairment, and reproductive function.

Water treatment Chemical

Millions of people consume chlorinated tap water on daily basis. Chlorine disinfects and kills microorganisms in our water, keeping it clean. It also does an excellent job of removing most germs from the water we consume. When chlorine was originally put into the water supply, it quickly reduced the spread of sickness and other water-borne illnesses. It made purifying drinking water and keeping citizens safe easier for cities and villages.

However, there is a disadvantage to using this potent chemical. According to research by the United States Council on Environmental Quality, those who drink chlorinated water have a 93 percent higher cancer risk than those who consume non-chlorinated water. When chlorine reacts with even trace amounts of organic chemicals contained in water, hazardous by-products known as trihalomethanes are produced (THMs). In the body, these by-products form free radicals, which cause cell damage. Even in modest concentrations, they are highly carcinogenic.

Antibiotics / Antibacterial Chemicals

Antibiotics are medicines that attack bacteria by either killing them or weakening them so that the immune system can battle and kill them more quickly. These are a potent family of drugs that have lowered mortality from a number of epidemic infectious diseases that kill millions of people each year.

These are used to treat infections caused by harmful microorganisms. Some antibiotics are effective against a variety of diseases, they can save a person's life and can kill the bacteria within the body. These do not affect other normal body cells; it is feasible to treat diseases that were deadly before to the introduction of antibiotics; prescription antibodies can destroy disease-causing microbes. Antibiotics were developed to assault human cells for cancer treatment.

Antibiotics can cause a variety of adverse effects, like nausea, pain, diarrhoea, light sensitivity and also hypersensitivity and an allergic reaction in some people. Antibiotics can kill good microorganisms in the body, and they can sometimes cause issues like yeast infections. Some medicines, such as sulfa, which is found in many antibiotics, may cause adverse reactions depending on one’s medication allergies.

On prolong use of antibiotics, bacteria mutate to withstand them. As a result, germs are growing resistant to antibacterial treatments. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can cause life-threatening infections that are resistant to antibiotics.

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