Dental scalers are essential handheld or powered instruments used by dental professionals to remove plaque, tartar, and stains from teeth surfaces above and below the gumline, preventing gum disease and promoting oral health. Manual types include sickle scalers with triangular, double-cutting edges for supragingival calculus on posterior teeth, universal curettes for versatile subgingival root planing, and specialized designs like Crane-Kaplan or Gracey for precise interproximal access. Ultrasonic scalers, either magnetostrictive (elliptical 24kHz vibration) or piezoelectric (linear 25-50kHz), employ high-frequency tips with water irrigation to shatter deposits via cavitation, reducing clinician fatigue and treatment time by 50% while effectively flushing pockets. Proper angulation (60-80°) and light strokes ensure enamel safety during scaling and root planing procedures.