Mammography machines are specialized X-ray systems designed for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Digital full-field mammography (FFDM) captures high-resolution images using flat-panel detectors, replacing traditional film for instant electronic viewing and storage. 3D tomosynthesis models (Hologic Selenia Dimensions, GE Senographe Pristina, Siemens Mammomat Inspiration) acquire multiple breast layers, reducing tissue overlap and boosting microcalcification detection by 20-40% in dense breasts. Key features include automatic compression paddles, low-dose radiation (2-5 mGy), CAD software for abnormality highlighting, and biopsy-capable arms. Essential for annual screenings and diagnostic workups, they achieve 85-90% cancer detection rates in asymptomatic women.